Mycoplasma genitalium (M. genitalium), is thought to affect up to 400,000 Australians.

It causes urethritis in men, and in women it can lead to pelvic inflammatory disease, cervicitis and preterm labour. It is also a recognised cause of anorectal proctitis along with other infections including Chlamydia trachomatis (including the LGV strains), gonorrhoea, syphilis, HSV and shigellosis.

Asymptomatic infection is also common.